Why move a flash off the camera, and should it be above the lens or to the side?
Asked 11/28/2010
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I often read that better lighting matters more than the camera body, and that using a flash off-camera or on a bracket can improve results. Why is moving the flash away from the camera so important? What problems does on-camera flash cause? Also, some brackets keep the flash directly above the lens while others place it to the side—what difference does that make, and is either position better than simply mounting the flash in the hot shoe?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
15y ago
2 Answers
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Position of the flash (or light) in general is critical for the final look of your shots. If you you on-axis flash directly on camera, it usually creates dark shadows just behind the people or below their chins, which rarely looks flattering.

This is a photo taken with on-camera flash. From the shadow you can see that the camera was vertical, and you can also see there are some nasty shadows on the right side of crocodile's body. This would look even worse with integrated camera flash.

This was taken with the flash raised to the top and bit to the left, to a position where flash bracket would probably put it. You can see that the shadow is now a bit lower and looks less distracting.

This final shot has flash back on the camera, but tilted upwards, so the light is bounced from the ceiling. Therefore this photo has the softest light fromt he three, and I belive it also looks the best (shadows are below the crocodile, much like how they'd look it you lit this just ceiling-mounted lights we're all used to in our homes).
Therefore, my advice is to get a good flash you can tilt and swivel and use the ceilings and walls around you to create the best lighting. In my opinion flash bracket is only useful when you want to shoot a lot in places where this is not an option (ball rooms with high ceilings, for example).
Originally by user112. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user112
15y ago
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Moving the flash away from the lens axis changes the direction of light, which usually makes photos look better. A flash mounted on the camera fires from almost the same angle as the lens, so it often creates flat-looking light, harsh shadows behind the subject, and unflattering shadows under chins. It also increases red-eye and eye reflections because the light is bouncing straight back into the lens.
A bracket helps by separating the flash from the lens, which improves shadow placement and reduces red-eye. Keeping the flash above the lens is especially useful when you rotate the camera vertically, because it avoids strong side shadows that can happen if the flash stays off to one side. A side position can still be useful, but the exact look depends on the subject and surroundings.
That said, a bracket is not the only solution. A powerful external flash can often be tilted to bounce light off a ceiling or wall, which usually gives softer, more flattering light than direct flash, even if the flash is still on the camera.
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