How does Nikon CLS determine flash power with multiple speedlights?

Asked 10/14/2011

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With a single TTL flash, I understand the camera uses a preflash to meter the scene and then sets flash power automatically. How does that work when using two or more speedlights in Nikon CLS? Does the system meter each flash separately, and how does it decide how much power each one should use? Also, if I want one flash to act as a weaker fill and another as a stronger key, do I need to switch to manual power, or can CLS handle that in TTL?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

14y ago

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In CLS, you organize your flashes into up to three groups (A, B and C; this is not the same thing as control channel). Each group is treated like a single flash. For groups set up to operate in TTL mode, during preflash, each group is metered separately (by camera, or by master flash in non-TTL auto mode), required power level is determined and during exposure each group is fired separately. You can mix up groups firing in TTL and groups firing in manual power.

On master flash, you can choose manual power setting or compensation level for each group and compensation level for the whole setup.

Originally by user4390. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user4390

14y ago

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In Nikon CLS, remote flashes are assigned to groups (typically A, B, and C). The system meters each group separately during the preflash, then the commander tells each group how much power to emit for the actual exposure. In effect, each group is treated like its own flash.

You do not have to switch everything to manual just because you’re using multiple lights. CLS can run groups in TTL and still let you bias them relative to each other using group compensation or ratio controls. For example, you can make one group stronger as a key light and set another group lower as fill.

You can also mix modes: some groups can be TTL while others are set manually.

A common setup is to place the key in one group and the fill in another so they can be metered independently. If both groups are left equal, the light can look flat, so many photographers reduce the fill group by about 1 EV or more for better modeling.

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