Maybe.

One of the problems with this comparison is that "DSLR" really covers a ginormous range of equipment. I just saw a refurbed Canon T3 with kit lens offered on sale for $300. Can a (good) bridge camera perform as well as that? In a lot of cases, yes. Many bridge cameras have (reasonably) fast lenses and great reach -- both important in sports photography, and that kit would be a real challenge for sports photography.

Inevitably, however, when we think about DSLRs and sports photography, we wind up thinking about the rigs pros use for sports -- typically full-frame sensors and 300+ mm f/2.8 lenses. A typical setup like this starts around $10 grand. Images with that sort of setup are going to look better to trained and untrained eyes alike -- not only because the instant response time stops action, but because the phenomenal low-light capabilities, DOF control, and razor-sharp lenses give the photographer the ability to stop action and isolate subjects much more than you can with a bridge camera.

You won't be able to replicate the isolation & bokeh of a top-notch rig with your bridge camera, but if you learn to use it to the best of its capabilities, I think you'll be able to produce some effective images. Pay attention to shooting positions that let you put distance behind your subject, for instance, to help the camera make the most of its performance envelope. Bonus: the work you'll do to learn composition and technique translates very well to a DSLR if you wind up upgrading at some point.