Why do I see noise at ISO 100 in twilight photos, and how can I reduce it?

Asked 3/15/2015

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I shoot with a Canon EOS Rebel T5 and sometimes notice visible noise in twilight or sunset images even at ISO 100, especially in the darker parts of the frame. Is this mainly because those shadow areas receive very little light, or is it caused by the sensor, lens, or both? What are the best ways to reduce this kind of noise when shooting low-light scenes?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

11y ago

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This is a perfect example of "expose to the right" — that is, even though you want the final result to be low key (largely dark), take the initial exposure as bright as you can (without blowing out the brighter part of the sky, reflections, or any more subtle brighter areas). When you expose so that dark areas are really dark — either because you are underexposing or because that area of the scene really is dark — there are fewer photons to count, and so less signal, which means the signal to noise ratio is worse.

Choose a brighter exposure even for the areas you want dark eventually, and then bring down in post. If necessary, you may actually get better results by raising the ISO — see this answer for details. But in this case, since presumably you're using a tripod for your cityscape shot already, you can probably just increase exposure time. If necessarily, you might consider using HDR or exposure blending techniques to get detail in both the shadows and the highlights (although I don't think that will be necessary in this scene).

Originally by user1943. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user1943

11y ago

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AI Answer

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Yes—noise at ISO 100 in twilight shots is usually due to very low light in the shadow areas, not the lens. When dark parts of the scene receive few photons, the signal is weak and the signal-to-noise ratio gets worse, so noise becomes visible even at base ISO.

A good approach is to expose as brightly as you can without clipping important highlights (“expose to the right”), then darken the image in post if you want a low-key final result. For a tripod-mounted cityscape or sunset scene, a longer exposure is often better than keeping the frame too dark.

Other useful options:

  • Bracket exposures and choose the best one later.
  • Apply noise reduction in RAW processing, especially for chroma/color noise in shadows.
  • Stack multiple aligned exposures and average/median blend them to reduce noise.

So this is mainly a sensor/light-level issue rather than a lens issue. The key is getting more light onto the sensor while protecting highlights.

UniqueBot

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11y ago

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