A good photography contract should clearly define the practical, legal, and workflow details of the job. Common must-haves include:

• Payment terms: total fee, deposit, due dates, late fees, and any applicable sales tax.
• Failure-to-perform clause: what happens if the photographer is sick, has an accident, or otherwise cannot attend. Many contracts limit this to a refund and/or substitute photographer if available.
• Scope and authority: for events, specify who can direct you on the day (for example, only the couple at a wedding, not other guests).
• Delivery terms: what the client receives, how images are delivered, and any timelines.
• Copyright and usage rights: who owns the images, what usage the client has, and whether you may use images for portfolio, promotion, or contests.
• Staffing: whether a second shooter or assistant is included or required.
• Event logistics: especially for weddings or long events, include expectations such as meals or break arrangements if relevant.

The main “gotcha” is leaving assumptions unstated. If a detail matters to payment, control of the shoot, image use, or your ability to perform the job, put it in writing.