A basic portrait contract should clearly spell out expectations and responsibilities for both sides. Key items to include are:

• session details: date, time, location, and what the shoot covers
• pricing: the session fee, even if it’s waived, plus what is and is not included
• deliverables: whether prints, digital files, or downloads are included, and any extra charges
• estimated number of images: often given as a range
• editing: what level of retouching is included, and what counts as extra work
• turnaround time: when the client should expect proofs or final images
• image retention: how long you’ll keep the files available for reorders or download
• cancellation or no-show terms: what happens if the client or photographer can’t make the session
• loss or failure contingencies: what happens if images are lost or unusable
• usage rights and model release: whether you may use the photos for self-promotion, portfolio, or advertising

Even with friends, having these points in writing helps avoid misunderstandings. If you plan to use their likeness publicly, make sure the release and usage terms are explicit.