How do I choose a good aperture or shutter speed in Av/Tv mode when I don’t have a strong creative preference?
Asked 3/16/2013
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2 answers
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I’m learning to use Aperture Priority (Av) and Shutter Priority (Tv) on a Canon T3i after mostly shooting in Auto. I understand the basic effects: wider apertures blur the background, smaller apertures increase depth of field, faster shutter speeds freeze motion, and slower speeds can blur motion.
What I’m unsure about is this: if I’m just taking everyday photos of my kids and don’t have a strong preference for background blur or motion blur, is there a good “default” aperture or shutter speed to start with? How does Auto mode decide what is best, and how should I make that decision myself in Av or Tv mode?
Is this mostly a creative choice, or are there general guidelines for choosing a practical starting point?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
13y ago
2 Answers
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There isn't one.
Or, if you must have a default, "auto" would work better than any particular value.
Even ignoring the demands of different lighting conditions and focal lengths, the value you most often use will depend on your personal preferences: whether you prefer a small or a large depth of field, whether you prefer fast or slow shutter speed, whether you prefer low noise or low background blur.
Usually, the most useful range of a lens is from its widest aperture through to about f/8 (on full-frame). Smaller than that, ie f/11 through to f/36, usually doesn't give you much benefit and starts to introduce softness through aperture diffraction. If you need to cut down light this much, it's often (but not always) a good idea to use an ND filter instead.
I'll say what I usually say to people who ask what the best "manual" camera settings are: leave your camera on auto. If you don't know you want a certain aperture, or shutter speed, then you may as well use auto and then go with whatever your camera chooses. Photographers set the aperture or shutter speed when they know better than the camera about what aperture or shutter speed they want to use. If you don't have a strong preference, use auto as a starting point and venture into aperture priority when you have a specific requirement, such as background blur, fast speed, or so on. Using aperture priority mode when you don't know what aperture you want doesn't make sense.
Originally by user3422. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user3422
13y ago
0
Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.
There is no single “best” default aperture or shutter speed. The right choice depends on light, focal length, subject movement, and your priorities for depth of field, motion blur, and noise.
In Av mode, pick aperture mainly for depth of field and let the camera choose shutter speed. In Tv mode, pick shutter speed mainly for motion and let the camera choose aperture. If you don’t care which settings are used, Program or Auto is usually better than forcing one value.
General guidelines:
- Wide apertures (low f-numbers) give blurrier backgrounds but less depth of field.
- Smaller apertures (higher f-numbers) keep more in focus, but very small apertures can reduce sharpness due to diffraction.
- Many lenses perform well somewhere between wide open and about f/8.
- For kids, a reasonably fast shutter speed is often more important than choosing the highest possible speed; you just need it fast enough to avoid blur.
Auto/Program mode typically chooses settings to get proper exposure while keeping shutter speed reasonably safe for the focal length and scene. In practice, start with your creative need first, then check whether the camera can still give you a usable shutter speed and ISO.
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