How can I protect myself when doing low- or no-pay photo/video work for a client who may pay later?

Use a written contract. The main risk in this kind of arrangement is that you invest time, gear, and money now and may never be paid later.

A sensible approach is:

• keep copyright to the photos/video unless you explicitly transfer it
• give the client only a defined license to use the work
• get a model release if you want to use the images yourself
• require at least some payment upfront if this is paid work
• clearly state what happens if future payment never materializes

By default, the creator usually owns the copyright, not the subject, unless you are an employee or sign those rights away. That means you can structure this as work you own, then license to him under agreed terms.

If you’re effectively betting on his future success, treat that as an investment decision, not normal client work. Many “pay later” projects never pay off, so be realistic about the risk.

If you want anything more complex—such as payment from future earnings, long-term exclusive services, or percentage-based compensation—get advice from a qualified lawyer in your jurisdiction.