Yes. The usual way to quantify scanner performance is to scan a known calibration target and compare the result to the target’s reference values. In practice, this means using a color calibration system for scanners: a test target plus a colorimeter/profiling workflow.

A standard target lets you evaluate how accurately the scanner reproduces color and tone, and profiling software can show whether the scanner is behaving correctly or needs correction. This is the scanner equivalent of monitor calibration.

For other factors like scale and optical resolution, specialized test charts can also be used, but the key idea is the same: compare the scan against a known standard rather than judging by eye alone.

So if you want an objective measurement, start with scanner color calibration resources and a proper test target/profile workflow.