Yes, the anti-aliasing filter on most digital cameras is an optical filter that blurs the light just in front of the image sensor. But for your purposes that is the least of your worries.

The way a Bayer filter mask works on the overwhelming majority of digital cameras means that the actual resolution limit of cameras so equipped is about 1/2 the number of pixel wells! The raw data includes only a single luminance value for each pixel, which is masked to be most sensitive to one of the three colors that make up the Bayer mask: Red, Green, or Blue.¹ Mirroring the color response of the human eye, there are two green, one blue, and one red pixel in each four pixel group arranged 2 x 2 on the sensor. To get colors from this monochromatic information, the raw data must be demosaiced using algorithms that compare the values of adjacent pixels and interpolate a Red, Green, and Blue value for each pixel on the sensor.

¹ Except our Bayer masks aren't actually the RGB colors we think they are. "Red" on most Bayer masks is most sensitive to ≈590-600nm, which humans perceive as yellow-orange. Red emitted by our RGB screens is ≈640nm. "Green" on most Bayer masks is most sensitive to ≈535nm, as opposed to the Green in RGB at ≈525nm. "Blue on most Bayer masks is most sensitive to ≈450nm instead of RGB Blue at ≈480nm.