Can used developer, stop bath, and fixer be stored together for disposal?

Asked 3/23/2020

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I process black-and-white film at home and store exhausted chemistry for later disposal rather than pouring it down the drain. Is it safe to combine different types of used darkroom chemicals—developer, stop bath, fixer, and possibly bleach or toner—in one waste container? Also, can different brands or formulas within the same category, especially developers, be mixed together, or could that create harmful reactions?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

6y ago

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The photo chemicals we use are mainly water. The developers are mildly alkaline; the fixers are mildly acid as is the stop-bath. All can be comingled without fear that some adverse chemical reaction will cause harm. Additionally, all are quite benign. Whereas spent fixer contains silver in solution, the federal government labels it toxic. The toxicity is due to the test method. Some forms of silver are toxic. Photo effluent, especially comingled fluids contain silver sulfide. This is the result of complexes formed by the fixer which is sodium or ammonium thiosulfate. Silver sulfide is inert. You can comingle to your heart’s content. The comingled stuff has reduced toxicity.

Back to the silver: Ionic silver is toxic however some home remedies have you drink the stuff. After consumption, internal organs and the skin take on a bluish pallor. Silver compounds have been used in water purification, for ointments to heal burns; a slug of silver is commonly placed in household water filters to kill bacteria that often grow as the filter captures organic matter. Farmer’s Reducer is based on a compound of cyanide. The cyanide is tightly compounded with iron thus it has been used for nearly 100 years as a photo bleach solution. Ektachrome and Kodachrome bleaches were switched to EDTA to avoid this stigma.

If you live in a metropolitan location, one with a modern sewer system, you need not fear disposal of spent photo chemicals down the drain. Now giant photofinishing labs (I was technical manager of 7) must pre-treat and haul away some. The pre-treat is bubbling air. This reduces oxygen demand to reduce the load on a municipal sewer system. Oxygen demand and chlorine demand are the main nemeses. The sewer system must chlorinate to kill disease causing bacteria. They must oxygenate to reduce oxygen demand. This because, all sewerage will be released to a creek, river or lake; it must not harm the environment. The stuff of fixer is the same stuff that removes chlorine from tropical fish aquariums.

OK, the bottom line, your hobby darkroom is just a drop in the bucket compared to the trillions of gallons presented to your sewer system. Your impact will be just a thimble full compared to the Pacific Ocean. Haul your comingled effluent to a disposal site if it makes you feel noble. Only gigantic photo labs with have any significant impact. My 7 labs did 20,000 rolls a day.
I had to become skilled on this subject. I was a registered environmental inspector State of California, for photo effluents.

Originally by user44949. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user44949

6y ago

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For typical black-and-white darkroom chemistry, used developer, stop bath, and fixer can generally be stored together without dangerous reactions. These solutions are mostly water: developers are usually mildly alkaline, while stop bath and fixer are mildly acidic. Mixing them mainly neutralizes them rather than creating something more hazardous.

Different exhausted developers can also generally be combined. Common darkroom developers are not known for reacting with each other in a way that makes the waste unusually dangerous.

The main disposal concern is fixer, because spent fixer contains dissolved silver. That silver content is why fixer waste is often treated as the important waste stream to collect and dispose of properly.

So, in practical terms: combining ordinary used B&W developer, stop bath, and fixer is generally acceptable for storage before disposal, and mixing different used developers is not usually a problem. If you also use bleach or toner, check the product instructions, as those can vary more than standard B&W chemistry.

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