Can Kodak T-Max film developer be used for black-and-white photo paper?
Asked 4/9/2017
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I develop T-Max film at home with Kodak T-Max developer and want to start making black-and-white prints. Can T-Max developer be used to develop photographic paper, or do I need a dedicated paper developer? Also, can I use the same black-and-white stop bath and fixer for both film and paper? I’m new to darkroom printing.
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
9y ago
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The answer is "yes, but it's complicated."
Film and paper developers are fundamentally the same thing, but they're formulated a bit differently.
The usual Kodak product for developing black-and-white paper is Dektol. It can be used to develop film, but because papers are less sensitive, the mix recommended on the package ends up being a lot stronger than T-Max, D-76 or HC-110 (all developers for film). If you don't want your film developing too quickly, which loses you some control over how it comes out, the developer has to be diluted. The opposite would be true for developing paper with T-Max. Being weaker, you'd either have to wait an awfully long time for the paper to develop or accelerate the process by developing at a much higher temperature or diluting the T-Max less than what the directions on the package specify.
To make either swap (paper in T-Max or film in Dektol) work, you'd have to do some trial-and-error experimentation to figure out what works. This is what Kodak did to come up with recommendations for development times in the documentation for its products.
This kind of experimentation is one of the things that makes chemical photography fun. However, my advice to you as a beginner would be to spend $10 on a bag of Dektol and learn to process paper "by the book" first. This will give you some idea how papers and developers behave under normal circumstances and a benchmark for judging how your experiments are going.
Originally by user6508. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user6508
9y ago
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Yes, but it’s not ideal. Film and paper developers are chemically similar, yet they’re formulated for different goals. Film developers are optimized for things like grain and sharpness, while paper developers are optimized for print tone and faster paper development.
So T-Max developer can develop black-and-white paper, but because it’s weaker/optimized differently than typical paper developers, development may be slow or require different dilution or temperature. A dedicated paper developer is the better choice for predictable print results.
Your regular black-and-white stop bath is generally fine to use for both film and paper.
Fixer can also be the same type for both, but it’s a good idea to keep separate film and paper fixer containers. Paper fixer gets dirtier over time, which usually isn’t a big issue for prints but can cause problems with negatives.
In short: yes, it can work, but for easier and more consistent printing, use a proper paper developer.
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