Since the other answers suggesting using an interface such as triggertrap don't address the specific question to your satisfaction: No, this is very, very unlikely to work. Despite the plugs being similar, they serve very different purposes. The camera release is basically an open circuit with a voltage potential (measured at 3v on mine) waiting to be closed by a switch, either mechanical (a simple button or slide switch) or electronic (as in the case of audio triggers, intervalometers, etc). An audio output is designed to present a fluctuating voltage across a load, not to close a circuit.

Given that there's a certain threshold resistance below which the camera will decide that its circuit has been "closed", and that audio outputs of the sort that you describe may very well present a resistance in that range, there's a reasonably good chance that simply plugging the two together will trigger the release.

Even if the shutter doesn't release just from plugging the two together, playing a sound is unlikely to do any triggering, since it doesn't do anything to close the circuit. Your audio output may even have a capacitor inline blocking the DC from the camera (and if it doesn't, it might not be very happy to have the voltage applied to it). Sorry! You can probably find some DIY interface projects out there, if you just can't resist the mad science. (See Chris H's answer for an example of just how simple of an interface you might be able to use.)