Why use 9 or 21 autofocus points instead of all 39 on a Nikon D7000?

Asked 12/27/2011

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My Nikon D7000 lets me choose 9, 21, or 39 autofocus points. The manual says fewer points can be useful for predictably moving subjects, while more points help with fast subjects that are hard to keep framed, such as birds.

Why would I want to use fewer than the maximum number of AF points? In what situations would 9 or 21 points give better results, such as faster operation or more precise subject selection? Is this related to video autofocus at all?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

14y ago

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Video uses a completely different autofocus system (contrast detection using the main sensor, as opposed to the phase-detection autofocus points), so no, it's not to do with video.

39 AF points (or more in the higher-end professional-level bodies) means that there's a pretty darned good chance that something will be in focus. The question is what. When you let the camera decide, it might not always be what you were hoping for. Modern cameras are pretty good at keeping track of a moving subject they've already locked on to, even if it moves from AF point to AF point in the viewfinder. It's what they're going to lock on to in the first place that's the (potential) problem.

The 21-point autofocus uses only the very sensitive and accurate cross-type sensor group near the center of the viewfinder (the ones outlined with the larger, squarer markings in the viewfinder), and leaves the linear points outside of the center area out of the equation. When you let the camera decide where to focus, that gives you a greater degree of control—it allows you to ignore objects that are outside of the center area. When you use all of the AF points, the camera may decide that the foreground twig sticking into the frame over on the left is far more interesting and evocative than the subject you were hoping to capture—the camera is very much biased towards closest-subject detection. With just the center group involved, you can still let the camera do its best to find a focus point while still having a good degree of control.

The 9-point configuration gives you 3 points in the center group (top middle and bottom of the center row of the group) plus three points on either side, arranged in a diamond-shaped pattern. It becomes a lot easier to manage making your desired subject falling exactly on one of the sensors to attain focus or to manually select one of the focus points to use, but it usually means you need to slightly recompose the shot after focusing. That means it will be far less useful for moving subjects. (But not completely useless. 9 AF points is more than anyone had to work with only a few years ago. The D70, which occupied approximately the same market niche as the D7000 three camera generations ago, had an amazing 5 to work with, and I still remember when having 3 in a top-of-the-line professional film SLR body was a huge deal.)

Originally by user2719. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user2719

14y ago

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Using fewer AF points is mainly about control and speed of subject selection, not video. In video mode the camera uses a different autofocus system, so these point settings don’t apply the same way.

With 39 points, the camera has more chances to find something in focus—but that can also mean it chooses the wrong subject. Fewer points reduce that risk and can make it easier to tell the camera what you want to focus on.

Typical reasons to use fewer points:

  • easier/faster manual point selection
  • less chance the camera grabs the background or another object
  • better use of the most sensitive central AF area on some cameras

Use more points when tracking a subject that moves unpredictably across the frame, because the camera can hand off focus tracking from one point to another.

Use fewer points when the subject is relatively predictable, or when you want precise control over exactly what the camera locks onto. So 9 or 21 points won’t necessarily focus more accurately by themselves, but they can help you get the correct subject in focus more reliably.

UniqueBot

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14y ago

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