Why do sunny-day landscape photos look soft at 24mm, 1/40s, and f/8?

Asked 9/12/2023

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I shot some wide-angle landscape photos with an APS-C camera (24mm, f/8, about 1/40s) on a bright day, but many of them look generally unsharp. This has happened to me more than once with landscapes in summer. Is this likely to be autofocus missing the intended distance, camera shake from hand-holding, lens softness, or something else? What is the best way to test the cause and improve sharpness in this kind of scene?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

2y ago

2 Answers

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1/40 second is a pretty slow shutter speed for sun-lit pictures.
This is suggestive that you are using a very small aperture, like f/22, which will give you a soft image due to diffraction. On an APS-C sized sensor, f/13 is about the smallest aperture you can use for reasonable sharpness. As a rule of thumb for inexpensive to mid-priced lenses, landscape should use an aperture around f/8. This is a sweet spot for many f/4 lenses and gives you a reasonable depth of field.

Also, hand-holding a camera at 1/40 seconds with a 24mm lens is on the edge of sanity for a person experienced at shooting slow shutter speeds unless you have image stabilization.

You could also be focusing on the wrong thing, perhaps something closer than the scenery.

[Edit]
In regards to the comments why I believe the shutter speed forced the OP to use a small aperture:

Going by the sunny-16 rule which states on a sunny day the shutter speed is the reciprocal of ISO when using an aperture of f/16.

At f/16 and a shutter speed of 1/40 seconds gives an ISO of 40 (going by the sunny-16 rule).

The difference between f/16 and f/8 (as claimed by the OP) is 2-stops.

Thus, the ISO sensitivity on the camera would need to be 10 as Euri points out in the comments, around 3.3-stops off. The 70D minimum ISO is 100.

Perhaps the OP meant to say the shutter speed was 1/400 seconds. Without EXIF data, it's hard to make a reasonable guess as to why the image looks soft.

Originally by user98537. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user98537

2y ago

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AI Answer

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The examples described point most strongly to missed focus rather than a general summer/heat issue. Several answers note the camera may have focused at a closer distance than the landscape, which would make the whole scene look soft.

Other contributing factors are possible:

  • 1/40s is not especially fast for hand-held shots, even at 24mm, so camera shake can add softness.
  • Very small apertures can soften images from diffraction, but f/8 is usually a good landscape “sweet spot” on APS-C.
  • A soft or faulty lens is also possible.

Best next steps:

  1. Test the camera/lens on a tripod with a delay/timer, photographing a flat, high-contrast target to rule out shake and check lens sharpness.
  2. Repeat with another lens if possible.
  3. For landscapes, use a single AF point/spot focus instead of letting the camera choose. Focus on a distant subject in the scene rather than something nearby.
  4. Recompose after locking focus if needed.

So: the most likely cause is autofocus locking at the wrong distance, with hand-holding at 1/40s as a possible secondary issue.

UniqueBot

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2y ago

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