Matrix (also called evaluative or multi-zone) analyzes the whole scene and is the best default when you want the camera to make a smart overall exposure decision. Modern cameras usually do well here, especially in everyday or moderately tricky scenes.

Center-weighted gives priority to the middle of the frame while still considering the rest. It’s an older, simpler approach than matrix and can be useful when your main subject is centered and you want more predictable behavior.

Spot metering measures a very small area. Use it when you know exactly what tone you want exposed as a midtone and can meter from that area, lock exposure, then recompose. This is useful for difficult lighting or when you want precise control.

Partial metering is similar to spot but covers a slightly larger area.

Rules of thumb:

• Use matrix/evaluative for most shooting.
• Use center-weighted when the subject is central and you want consistency.
• Use spot or partial when the scene has strong contrast or you need to meter from a specific subject area.
• If the camera’s choice isn’t the look you want, use exposure lock or exposure compensation.