Yes—often. A linear polarizer can interfere with some cameras’ autofocus and metering systems because those systems may not work well with linearly polarized light. A circular polarizer is basically a linear polarizer plus an extra layer that changes the light so AF/metering systems can still function properly.

For normal photography on a camera lens, a circular polarizer is usually the safe choice. On cameras that work fine with a linear polarizer, a circular polarizer will also work; the reverse is not always true.

Why use a linear polarizer at all? Mainly because they can be cheaper, and sometimes they transmit a bit more light. A special-case use is combining polarizers to make a variable ND-style setup, where the front polarizer needs to be linear.

So in most real-world camera use: choose a circular polarizer unless you know your camera is compatible with linear polarizers or you have a specific technical reason to use one.