A good umbrella term is composite image or composite photo. More generally, people may also say merged or combined image.

One useful distinction: some of the terms you listed are capture techniques, while others are the resulting output or processing method. For example, exposure bracketing/AEB is a way of shooting multiple frames, often used to create an HDR image. Likewise, a panorama is the stitched final result from multiple overlapping shots. Focus stacking can refer to both the capture process and the combined result.

So if you want one broad heading, composite photography or composite image is probably the clearest choice. Just note that it’s a general term rather than a precise technical label for every case.