What white balance are color films designed for?

Asked 6/3/2013

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Unlike digital cameras, film has a fixed color balance that depends on the film stock. What white balance do common color films correspond to, and how does this compare to digital settings such as daylight or tungsten? Also, is this different for slide film versus color negative film?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

13y ago

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The white balance should be indicated on the box and the datasheet for the film. There aren't too many choices though.

Most films are daylight balanced for shooting in direct sunlight (approx. 5000K). If you were shooting in open shade (approx. 6000K), you were expected to use a slight warming filter to get rid of the blue cast. If you shot daylight-balanced film under tungsten light (3200K), you could use a blue filter like an 80A to balance the color.

A few films were tungsten balanced for shooting under artificial tungsten lights. These often had "T" in their names, like Ektachrome 160T [PDF], which is balanced for 3200 K light, according to the datasheet.

Originally by user2138. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user2138

13y ago

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Color film was typically made in a few standard balances rather than a wide range. Most common color films were daylight-balanced, roughly around 5000K, intended for direct sunlight or electronic flash. Under cooler light such as open shade, photographers often used a warming filter; under tungsten light (around 3200K), they used a blue correction filter such as an 80A.

Some films were tungsten-balanced instead, usually intended for studio or movie lights around 3200K. These were often marked clearly on the box or datasheet, sometimes with a “T” in the name.

For slide/transparency film, the film’s balance is especially meaningful because the film itself is viewed directly. For color negative film, the final print or scan includes color correction, so the “white balance” of the film alone is less absolute; the overall process matters more. That’s why negative film can tolerate some interpretation during printing or scanning.

So, in digital terms, most film corresponds broadly to either daylight or tungsten presets, with the exact target usually stated by the manufacturer.

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