Yes—look at industrial/machine-vision cameras that support GigE Vision and GenICam. Those are the key Ethernet and control/interface standards commonly used for Linux-compatible image capture and camera control.

A practical setup is usually:

• GigE Vision / GenICam camera body
• External lighting matched to your subject, rather than relying on integrated light
• A suitable lens chosen for your working distance and distortion requirements

For better color accuracy, some industrial cameras offer 3-sensor RGB designs, though a standard color area-scan camera may be enough.

If remote focus is essential, another path is a motorized-focus camera module paired with a small Linux computer such as a Raspberry Pi, but these simpler modules may use lower-quality lenses. If distortion is a concern, you can often calibrate the camera/lens and correct it in software as part of your processing pipeline.

Also relevant categories to search are security cameras and borescopes, though industrial machine-vision cameras are the closest match to your stated needs.