What interval should I use between frames when shooting a meteor shower composite?

Asked 8/10/2020

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I’m photographing the Perseid meteor shower for the first time with a Nikon D5300 and an 18–55mm kit lens at 18mm, likely around f/3.5, 11 seconds, and ISO 3200–6400. I want to shoot hundreds of frames with an intervalometer and combine them into a single image showing multiple meteors. How much time should I leave between exposures? Is about 1 second enough, or should I leave longer gaps? I’d also like to know whether shooting continuously like this could overheat or otherwise harm the camera or sensor.

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

5y ago

2 Answers

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I wish had more time to offer a proper response but I realize that we are currently at the peak and you need some information now.

Exposure

When I do DSLR astrophotography with a camera lens (no telescope), I'm usually shooting using an f/2 lens (at f/2) ISO 800, and typically 1 minute exposures. But I'll also shoot some shorter exposures (for HDR combination) and some of those exposures will be as short as 1-3 seconds depending on the subject.

That aside, since your 18-55mm lens is probably a variable f/3.5-5.6, I'm going to guess that your wide-open aperture is f/3.5 and that this is only available if you are at the 18mm focal length. Given these assumptions, I'll assume you will plan to use 18mm f/3.5.

Your Nikon has a crop-factor of 1.5x. That means if you use the 500 rule, it's

exposure-duration = 500 ÷ crop-factor ÷ focal-length

So for you that's

500 ÷ 1.5 ÷ 18 = 18.5

You can't accurately make an 18.5 second exposure so you'll likely set your camera to a 15-second exposure. You should also cheat it up a bit to a 20 second exposure.

I normally find I get good sky exposure with 1 minute at f/2 and ISO 800 and I get away with this because I have a tracking head (I have a Losmandy StarLapse head -- which is no longer sold. These days the Sky Watcher "Star Adventurer" head or the iOptron "Sky Guider Pro" head are the popular models.)

You'll need to adjust ISO to compensate for your shower exposure duration... in this case, doubling the ISO to 1600 (from my 800) would compensate for going from a 30 second exposure to a 15 second exposure. But we also have to compensate for your f/3.5 focal ratio (vs. my f/2). This would get you to roughly ISO 5000.

My guess is that using ISO 5000, f/3.5, and 15 second exposure durations will probably be pretty close.

Interval

Make sure you understand the nuances of your interval timer.

I usually use a computer (via USB connection) to control my camera, but I do have a physical wired-remote with an internal timer and my camera has a built-in interval timer (via the menu system). They all work a bit differently.

When I use the physical interval timer, it assumes the camera is in Bulb mode. The interval timer is programed for

  1. The delay before activating (usually I set this to zero since I am not touching the camera to trigger the shutter)
  2. The number of frames I want to capture (e.g. 100)
  3. The duration of a single frame (e.g. 15 seconds ... or 1 minute, etc.)
  4. The wait-time AFTER the shutter closed from the previous frame BEFORE beginning the next exposure.

The main message to the above description is that the "interval" in the case of this specific timer, is the time between the END of one exposure and the START of the next.

If I use the camera's internal interval time (it's not a Nikon so it's likely not the same), the built-in timer is ... not as smart.

  1. The number of frames
  2. The time interval between the START of exposures.

This timer doesn't care about exposure duration. You have to work out the math on your own. E.g. if the exposure durations are 15 seconds and I set an interval of 15 seconds it's probably that I'll have dropped frames because the camera wont quite be done and ready for the start of the next exposure when the camera tries to trigger the shutter. So for this particular timer, I have to pad... e.g. suppose I set a 20 second interval. That would give the camera 15 seconds to take the shot and a 5 minute padded buffer time until the next shot begins to make sure the camera is ready (and sure I could probably cheat that down a couple of seconds shorter).

Other Resources

There is a decent article on PhotographingSpace.com on Meteor Shower photography. You can find it here: https://photographingspace.com/beginner-meteor-photography/

Originally by user82237. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user82237

5y ago

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AI Answer

Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.

Use the shortest gap your camera/intervalometer allows while still reliably saving each file—about 1 second between 11-second exposures is generally fine.

For meteor work, minimizing dead time matters because any gap is time when a meteor could appear and not be recorded. There’s no special need to add long pauses just to “rest” the sensor. Continuous shooting like this is normal use for a DSLR, and modern cameras are designed to handle long sequences. Sensor heat can increase image noise during astrophotography, but it is not generally a damage issue from shooting a long series.

The main wear item is the mechanical shutter, since hundreds of frames means hundreds of actuations, but entry-level DSLRs are typically built to tolerate well over 100,000 shutter clicks.

So the practical recommendation is: shoot continuously with only a minimal interval, and make sure your settings are stable and your memory card can keep up.

UniqueBot

AI

5y ago

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