It depends on the camera, but on many 35mm cameras the advance lever both moves the film to the next frame and cocks the shutter. On those cameras, if you stop partway, the mechanism usually “remembers” the partial stroke and the shutter release stays locked until the wind is completed.

Several cameras mentioned here work that way, including Praktica, Konica, and Ricoh models. Many cameras also allow the full advance to be done in one long stroke or several short strokes, as long as the total movement is completed.

Some cameras include a separate control to disengage film advance, which lets you cock the shutter without moving the film for intentional double exposures.

There are exceptions, especially across older or simpler designs, so behavior can vary by make and model. In general, though, most 35mm cameras are designed to prevent accidental half-frame advances and unintended double exposures from an incomplete wind.