A DSLR is still a practical answer here. High-volume use does wear shutters, but pro bodies are built for it, and the shutter is a replaceable service part rather than the end of the camera. One answer notes the Canon 1D X is rated to about 400,000 actuations, which is the kind of durability this job needs.

For product photography, absolute sensor color accuracy is usually less important than consistency. In a controlled light box, set a manual/custom white balance or shoot RAW, profile the setup with a gray card or color chart, and batch-process everything the same way. That will usually get you close enough for webshop/promotional images.

So the main requirement is less “special sensor” and more: reliable tethered/computer control plus a durable body. A machine-vision camera may be unnecessary if image quality and color rendering matter for marketing images. A consumer compact may not be designed for this duty cycle. In practice, look for a camera with good tethered shooting support and expect shutter replacement as normal maintenance in a high-throughput system.