These are usually called cinemagraphs. They combine a mostly still image with a small area of repeated motion, creating a subtle looping effect.

They’re typically made in software, not with any special camera hardware. People often start with either a short video clip, a sequence of still images, or sometimes a single still image that is edited to simulate movement. The moving part is isolated while the rest of the frame is kept still.

Tools mentioned by the community include Flixel, and some people also use editors such as Lightroom or Snapseed for related effects.

For sharing, they are usually exported as GIFs or more commonly as standard video files on platforms like Instagram. They are not normally uploaded as RAW files, and while a JPEG or PNG can only show a static image, the animated version needs a format that supports motion.