Regardless of any theoretical minimum focal length (with respect to sensor size), there is a useful limit.

On 35mm film and full frame sensors, the current widest-angle lens that is useful is 8mm. There are 4.5mm lenses that are meant for crop-sensor cameras, that could be mounted on full frame cameras, but there's no point in doing so. Why?

The 8mm lenses for full-frame cameras project a full-circle fisheye image that is just shy of 24mm in diameter, which corresponds to the narrow dimension of the sensor. That means the entire fisheye circle is imaged uncropped on the sensor. But that also means there is a lot of sensor area that is unused, outside of the image circle projected by the lens.

The 4.5mm lenses for crop sensor cameras project a similar full-circle fisheye image that is just shy of 15mm in diameter, which corresponds to the narrow dimension of Canon's APS-C sensor. So you could mount a Sigma 4.5mm lens onto a full frame Nikon or Canon, but the 15mm-diameter image wouldn't be taking advantage of the larger sensor size of the full frame camera.

Both the full frame 8mm lenses, and the crop frame 4.5mm lenses, have similar angles of view, over 180°. Actually, there is quite a bit of variability in the upper end of angle of view amongst all full-circle fisheye lenses. But that variability really doesn't matter, because the projected images from the extreme edges of the lens's view is compressed and distored into a rather thin ring near the circumference of the fisheye image circle. Even if you remap the projection at the edge of the circle in software, there's likely to be significant and severe distortion, color separation, vingetting, etc.