Not in the simple front-mounted way you describe. A camera lens already is the light-collecting device, and for a given focal length the main way to gather more light is a larger entrance pupil—typically meaning a physically larger, faster lens.

A front attachment can change the optics, but it won’t magically add light without tradeoffs. Wide-angle conversion attachments do alter the field of view, but they usually reduce image quality and are not a practical solution for making a telephoto lens "faster."

A focal reducer mounted between lens and camera can concentrate the image circle onto a smaller sensor, effectively increasing brightness. These can be useful in some lens/camera combinations, especially full-frame lenses on APS-C, but they are a different concept than a front "collector" and good ones are specialized.

Mirror/catadioptric systems also collect light, but they are complete optical designs, not simple add-on boosters.

So the practical answer is: if you need more light with a telephoto at night, the real solutions are a faster lens, longer exposure, higher ISO, or a different optical setup such as a suitable focal reducer.