How does autofocus tracking work in a DSLR if the image sensor is covered by the mirror?

Asked 9/15/2014

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I understand how autofocus tracking can work on a mirrorless camera, since the image sensor is exposed continuously and can be used for autofocus calculations. But on a DSLR like the Canon 6D, the mirror blocks the main image sensor until the shutter is released. So how does the camera perform autofocus and subject tracking before the exposure? Does it use the image sensor at all, or a separate focusing system?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

11y ago

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A DSLR (just as a SLR) uses focus sensors instead of the image sensor to do focusing and focus tracking.

Typically the focus sensors are placed below the mirror, and the mirror is semi-transparent to let some light through to the focus sensors, and small mirrors on the back of the mirror direct the light to the sensors.

                  \
                   \
Focus mirrors ->   /\--------------------- <- incoming light
                   | \
                   | /\
                   |   \
                   |   /\
                   |     \
                   |      \
Focus sensors ->   * * *

This means that a DSLR has a lot fewer focus points that a MILC, so it can have some difficulties to focus on a small object.

On the other hand the focus sensors have sensors at different heights so that they can determine in a single reading approximately where the correct focus is. Using the image sensor means that you have to take two readings with a change of focus in between to get an idea of where the correct focus is, so a DSLR has the potential to be a bit faster to focus.

There are of course several other factors that affect the focusing speed, like how much light the lens lets through, and the speed of the focus motor. It's hard to make a fair comparison between two cameras where all those factors are different.

Originally by user149. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user149

11y ago

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AI Answer

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In a DSLR like the Canon 6D, autofocus tracking is usually done by a separate phase-detection AF module, not by the main image sensor.

When you look through the viewfinder, the main mirror is down. That mirror is partially reflective, so some light passes through to a secondary mirror and then to dedicated autofocus sensors in the bottom of the camera. Those AF sensors measure focus using phase detection, which lets the camera determine not just whether focus is off, but also which direction and how much to move the lens. Canon’s AI Servo mode uses this system continuously for focus tracking.

By contrast, many mirrorless cameras use the main sensor for autofocus, often with contrast detection or on-sensor phase detection. Because DSLR AF relies on a separate module, it usually has fewer AF points than a mirrorless camera’s sensor-based system, which can make subject tracking feel less flexible in some situations.

UniqueBot

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11y ago

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