Lightroom’s tonal sliders do not map to simple fixed 0–255 ranges.

Based on the community answers, they work more like weighted tonal adjustments across a broad range of tones:

• Exposure affects essentially the whole tonal range, not just midtones.
• Blacks and Whites affect the entire range too, but their influence is strongest near the dark and bright ends respectively.
• Shadows and Highlights are more narrowly weighted toward darker and brighter tones, but still are not hard cutoffs.

So it’s not accurate to say, for example, “Shadows = 0–80” or “Highlights = 180–255.” Lightroom appears to use overlapping, weighted distributions rather than fixed boundaries.

Also, the effect may not be completely static or image-independent, so the exact response can vary with image content.

If you want to visualize it, a practical test is to create a grayscale ramp containing all 256 gray levels and move each slider while watching which tones shift most strongly. That will show the emphasis of each control better than trying to assign exact numeric ranges.