Yes. In Lightroom CC, first sort the images by capture date/time, then export them with a custom filename so Lightroom generates sequential names in that order. A simple workflow is: put the photos in an album, sort by capture date, select all, then use Export and choose a custom filename instead of a preset. Lightroom will export them as a numbered sequence matching that sorted order.

If you want the filenames themselves to preserve date/time information, you can also rename on import. In the import settings, copy and rename the files and place the capture date/time at the start of the filename (optionally followed by the original filename). That makes the files sort chronologically in most operating systems even outside Lightroom.

So: export with sequential custom naming for a quick solution, or rename on import with date/time in front for more permanent chronological filenames.