Not cleanly within Lightroom alone. The workable approach is to store each collection’s sequence/order number in metadata, so the order becomes persistent instead of being generated only at export time.

Then you can use that stored value as part of the exported filename, which helps preserve album order across devices and services that sort by filename.

Caveats:

• Lightroom doesn’t natively manage this workflow well.
• You may need metadata plug-ins or external metadata tools.
• Because a photo can appear in multiple collections with different orders, you need separate metadata fields for each collection/order you want to preserve.
• Initial setup may require temporary renaming or copying sequence numbers into metadata fields Lightroom can use during export.

So: yes, it’s possible in principle, but it requires metadata wrangling and likely plug-ins; Lightroom’s built-in export/publish tools don’t provide a simple, efficient solution for persistent custom ordering plus incremental republishing.