In Lightroom, ratings and most edits are usually stored in the catalog, not the image files, unless metadata/XMP was written out. If the restored catalog doesn’t contain those changes, recovery may be limited.

Try these steps first:

1. Optimize the catalog — this can check for and sometimes repair catalog issues.
2. In the Library panel, right-click the affected folder and choose Synchronize Folder. If prompted, enable options to import and sync metadata.

If your edits were previously written to XMP sidecars (or into supported file metadata), Lightroom may be able to read them back. If not, and the backup catalog itself predates your edits, those changes may not be recoverable.

For future protection, consider enabling automatic writing of changes to XMP. That stores ratings and many edit settings with the files (or sidecar files), making recovery easier if a catalog becomes corrupted. The tradeoff is that it can slow Lightroom down, especially with large batches or slower drives.