It may be possible to record a visible shockwave in a still image, but it’s a high-speed timing problem more than a normal exposure problem.

For a single photo, the key is precise triggering: you’d typically need a remote trigger synchronized to the detonation, plus a carefully measured delay to account for shutter lag. With a normal camera, getting the exact moment is difficult, and you may only get one usable frame.

For a sequence of images, a true high-speed video camera is the practical option. Standard still cameras usually won’t shoot fast enough, and high-speed video capable of catching this kind of event is often specialized and expensive. Some consumer cameras offer limited high-speed video modes, which may be a compromise if ultimate quality isn’t required.

Stroboscopic flash can be used for composite-style captures, but that generally requires darker conditions and may not suit a bright outdoor noon setup.

So: in daylight without flash, a single well-timed shot might be possible with synchronized triggering, but if you want multiple frames of the shockwave, high-speed video is the realistic approach.