If there is a simple answer, it is the practice of experiment. Research can help guide and interpret the results of experiment, but it is not a substitute for doing.

Exposure

In the days of film, a photograph might be exposed three times. Once in the camera. Once when the film was developed. Once with the image was printed. The exposure in the camera was the raw material for the exposure 1 when developed. The developed negative 2 was the raw material for exposure when printing.

Thinking about the exposure when capturing as raw material for later steps is the basis for the general advice to avoid clipping highlights and shadows. This lets the image capture the maximum amount of detail.

Purpose

There are two related questions:

• What is the picture a picture of?
• What is this picture for?

OK, the picture is of a sunrise, but is it for evidence before a judge or art for art's sake or checking in on social media? If it is going before a judge, the detail in the shoreline probably matters more than the detail in the clouds and the boat on the horizon matters more than the ripples in the water.

If it is art for art's sake, then who knows what matters? I'll give an opinion anyway.

Photographic Sunrises

A lot of our expectations about what makes a good sunrise picture is set by other sunrise pictures we have seen. To me, two common 3 characteristics of sunrise photos are:

• Compressed dynamic range. 4
• Brilliant color. 4

As a general approach, objects in the shadows at sunrise tend to be uninteresting relative to the subject at hand...the subject at hand being the light. The image with shadow detail moved toward and into clipping and the gamma adjusted to keep the midtones in a similar location on the histogram.

OK, I also leveled the horizon. Leveling the horizon is often the simplest way to improve a landscape photo. It is a way to say, "I care about this as art. It is not just a snapshot." For me, I think it is because photographs have hard framing edges that create an implicit horizon (and verticals).

Experiment

After that it is time to find the pictures in the picture. Playing with the exposure at "print time."

The low key image pushed highlights toward and into clipping as well as the shadow detail. Gamma was adjusted toward black to emphasize the sun and contrast in the clouds.

The high key image adjusted gamma toward the bright. It did not adjust highlights.

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1: Yes, I am pushing exposure by using it to describe development. So sue me.

2: Or positive. And the positive might go into a slide projector directly. So sue me.

3: But not absolute.

4: The influence of Velvia and other color transparency films perhaps. So sue me.