How can I get a silky, smooth-water effect in beach or river photos?
Asked 3/26/2012
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I often see photos of beaches, rivers, and waterfalls where the water looks smooth or frosted, almost like glass. Is this created with a longer exposure? What camera settings or accessories help achieve that look?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
14y ago
2 Answers
7
Yup, that's really all there is to it.
But it takes some experimentation in each case, because the way the water moves is always different. So I've got a variable ND filter that I use. It's trial and error until I get an exposure that I like.
It's not necessarily best to just go for the longest exposure possible. If you go for too long, it'll start to look like ice.
I just this morning posted to flickr a photo I took at Kent Falls in CT on Saturday. I think I've got here about the longest exposure possible before it starts to look too "hard". This was 0.7". I did some others as long as 10", and those longer ones were too extreme.

So the variable ND filter is good to dial-in the right amount of freeze. Although I guess you could also get control by changing aperture and ISO, if you didn't have a variable one.
Originally by user4272. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user4272
14y ago
0
Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.
Yes — the silky water look is created with a longer shutter speed so the moving water blurs while the rest of the scene stays sharp.
A tripod or other solid support is important to keep the camera still. Then experiment with shutter speed depending on the look you want and how fast the water is moving. Faster or heavier water may need less time; smaller streams may need longer. Exposures can range from well under a second to several seconds or more.
Don’t assume the longest exposure is best. Too short may not smooth the water enough, but too long can make it look overly flat or icy. Try a few different times and compare.
To avoid overexposure in daylight, use a smaller aperture, lower ISO, or an ND filter. A variable ND filter can be especially useful because it lets you fine-tune how much you lengthen the exposure.
In short: steady camera, slow shutter, and some trial and error.
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