How can I create an old vintage film look using basic editing controls?

You will need to introduce noise, selectively desaturate come colors, decrease contrast, lighten the black point and possibly selectively shift hues on some colors. Reducing the color depth may also help achieve a vintage look.

In general, the "vintage" look comes from the fact that older films lacked the sensitivity and color accuracy of more modern films and digital sensors. If you want something really accurate to vintage looks, researching the specific color characteristics of a particular film and paper/development process combination would be the best way to apply a similar transformation to a high quality original.

As an example, in the image you presented, blue maintains normal saturation while most other colors are desaturated pretty heavily. Black is also a medium grey with a purple tint. Green is particularly desaturated.

Also, it is worth pointing out that a good way to figure out what needs to be done with a particular photo is to try figuring out how to make it look more current and then reverse the process, though you will never get an old photo to look current without making up some information normally because of the fact that information is lost in the low quality original.