There's no one way.

Personally I find digital frees me to defer choices until after the shot. Not only that but I can "discover" new interpretations of a scene with different crops, different toning, color and contrast.

So I'd suggest what you need to do is shift your perspective. Many people resist post processing as if it was an annoying nuisance. I'd strongly recommend you embrace the new freedom and look at it as giving you more creative scope.

Look upon it as part of the process of getting the image you want.

I'd also recommend you invest time in experimenting with the many tools available. You don't need to become an expert, but you need to become aware of what's possible.

Everyone is different and YMMV, but you asked so I'll tell you : I shoot RAW and work from the RAW files. As I shoot RAW I don't use auto white balance at all and generally correct white and color balance in various ways (there are many techniques). From RAW you have the most digital freedom - it is, in a sense, like working from undeveloped negative all the way through.

With a little perseverance you'll work out your own basic techniques.

It helps if you make at least a basic attempt to calibrate your computer display. Try this website.