Does aperture change facial features in portraits, or is it focal length and distance?
Asked 12/30/2015
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In portraits, I sometimes feel that shooting around f/10 makes faces look flatter, with noses appearing less prominent and wrinkles less noticeable than at wider apertures like f/4. Is aperture actually changing the apparent shape or “depth” of the face, or is that effect really caused by focal length, camera-to-subject distance, focus, or lighting?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
10y ago
2 Answers
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Usually it's focal length that is the key consideration for portraiture, at least in terms of making the subject look "good". (I use the term loosely; good is subjective, but let's assume people don't necessarily want to see representations of themselves with huge chins and noses.) You don't mention the focal length of the lens you are using, or the effective focal length you are getting because of any crop factor.
Aperture is a consideration, too, of course, but the main effect is changing the depth-of-field. The "size" of the focal plane (I know, I know, more hand-waving) is more about presentation and aesthetics, though lenses are often sharpest away from either end of their aperture ranges, often 1-2 stops from their maximum.
So, to answer your question, if you are seeing something good at f10, go for it. This aperture is also quite "typical" setting for portraiture (that is, the "typical" aperture is in the f8 range for most longer lenses used in head-and-shoulder portraiture), mostly because it gives you a nice balance of subject focus with less sharp backgrounds. How you use the depth-of-field and sharpness will certainly change how the subjects look.
But, I'd expect smaller apertures to yield sharper images (all other things treated equally), with more pronounced wrinkles, etc., as well as adding more background detail in. The latter may be what you want, or it may be distracting and lessen the impact of the portrait.
Originally by user31502. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user31502
10y ago
0
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Aperture by itself does not change facial geometry. If you shoot from the same camera position with the same focal length, changing from f/4 to f/10 will not make a nose shorter or a face flatter. That perspective effect comes from camera-to-subject distance, which is often tied to focal length because wider lenses are used closer and longer lenses farther away.
What aperture does change is depth of field. At wider apertures, parts of the face away from the focus plane may soften slightly, which can change what draws your attention. If the eyes are sharp but the rest of the face falls off more quickly, features or skin texture may seem more emphasized or less emphasized depending on focus placement.
Wrinkles are also strongly affected by lighting. Hard, directional light emphasizes texture; softer, more diffuse light reduces it.
So your perception isn’t completely unreasonable, but the main causes are perspective, focus/depth of field, and lighting—not aperture changing the shape of the face.
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