Mostly yes for JPEG, mostly no for RAW.

Canon’s DIGIC processor affects in-camera image processing, so newer versions can improve JPEG output through better noise reduction, color/tone rendering, sharpening, and overall processing. That’s where any visible image-quality difference is most likely to appear.

For RAW, the processor has much less impact on the recorded image because RAW is essentially the sensor data before the camera applies its normal JPEG processing. In that sense, RAW is largely unaffected by DIGIC image-processing changes.

One important caveat is that processor generations can be tied to other hardware changes, such as improved analog-to-digital conversion or greater bit depth. Those changes can benefit the captured data itself, not just JPEG rendering. But that’s not the same as saying the DIGIC name alone guarantees better RAW image quality.

So if you shoot JPEG, a newer DIGIC can matter. If you shoot RAW, differences are usually minimal unless the newer camera also includes improvements elsewhere in the imaging pipeline.