Usually, no. Monitor calibration/profiling is primarily for the physical display, not for each operating system separately. If your monitor has been calibrated/profiled correctly, that same display behavior applies whether you are using Ubuntu or a Windows VM.

What matters is that the ICC profile and monitor settings (especially white point/brightness controls) are consistent. In practice, different OSes or applications may still render color differently because of color-management support, not because the monitor itself needs a second calibration.

A few caveats:

• If calibration was done by altering the graphics card LUT rather than just profiling the monitor, behavior can depend on how the VM handles display output.
• If an application has its own color adjustment/calibration, that affects only that application.
• It’s generally better to profile your actual monitor rather than force it to match sRGB if the display’s native gamut is larger.

So: calibrate/profile the monitor once, then make sure your color-managed apps and OS are using the profile correctly.