Could 1940s 2¼×3¼ negatives come from a single roll with more than 15 exposures?
Asked 6/7/2023
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I have 18 black-and-white negatives from around 1940, each about 2¼×3¼ inches, and they appear to be from the same roll. On standard roll film of that era, was there any film type that would allow more than 15 exposures in this format?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
3y ago
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In that era, 120 & 620 film size was in common use. These two film sizes are identical except for the spool. The 120 film spool is more robust. The width of this film averaged 61mm and the length 820 thru 850mm. This length provided 8 exposures format 2 ¼ X 3 ¼.
It is unlikely the negatives in your collection came from the same roll. I would think that you can look at the edge printing on the negatives to find the frame numbers.
One caveat – Some long roll cameras were in use. These were mainly used by School Yearbook makers (school photographers). They contracted to make portraits of all the students. They also took sports shots and group pictures and the like to include in the school yearbook.
These firms used long rolls 30 and 100 foot long rolls loaded into custom made cameras.
This is 120 or 620 film, likely 120. No difference except for the winding spool, 120 spool more robust. Both had edge printing applied via a light exposure. The edge printing, being an exposure, develops up with the image. The edge printing typically identifies the maker such as Kodak or Agfa etc. Additionally, the edge printing has an emulsion batch number and other similar codes.
At time of manufacture, it was unknown what model camera was to be used. Some models made 8 exposure wallet size negatives. Some models 12 exposure 6 by 6-centimeter square negatives. There was several models that made half- wallet size 16 exposures to the roll.
Most films were sent out to a local photofinisher. These were regional large photo labs that specialize in developing and printing hundreds of rolls a day. The problem was, when negatives were returned to the lab for reprinting or multiple prints to made, how to identify the targeted negatives? Edge printing to the rescue.
Now the fact that a roll could be exposed 8, 12, or 12 frames presents a problem. Which frame is # 6 which must be identified to fill the reprint order? If you look a the edge printing you will see duplicate frame numbers. To complicate this dilemma, the camera operator advanced the film via a number that appeared in a red window. These numbers were printed on a backing paper that wrapped and protected the roll from accidental light exposure. The camera operator was usually not adept at manually advancing film and often under of over advanced. In other words, identifying the frame number of the wanted negative was hit or miss.
I grew up in this business and as a kid, often pondered which frame is which. The V might mean this row of edge numbers is for cameras that were held vertically. I don’t know what the V is. But I know, the rolls of the mid 1949 were mainly 8, 12, or 16 exposure per roll, The 16 was half-wallet.
Originally by user44949. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user44949
3y ago
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For normal consumer roll film in that period, the likely formats were 120 or 620. Those films are the same size apart from the spool, and at 2¼×3¼ inches they typically gave about 8 exposures per roll—not anywhere near 18.
So if you truly have 18 negatives of that size, they probably were not all from one standard 120/620 roll. A good clue is the edge printing or frame numbering on the negatives, which may show whether they came from multiple rolls.
The main exception mentioned is special long-roll film used in custom cameras, often by school or volume photographers. Those systems could use much longer film lengths, such as 30- or 100-foot rolls, and could produce many more exposures in the same format.
So the short answer is: not on ordinary 120/620 film; only with specialized long-roll camera systems would 18 exposures at 2¼×3¼ be plausible.
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