Only partly. Vanishing points can help reconstruct camera orientation, but not reliably from image-center distances alone if you know nothing about the camera or lens.

You must make scene assumptions, such as which lines are truly horizontal/vertical and that buildings are not leaning. With two horizontal vanishing points, the line connecting them gives the horizon/eye level in the image. That tells you where the camera’s level line lies and can help infer tilt relative to the scene.

In practice, this is usually solved with perspective-matching tools in 3D software such as SketchUp or Blender add-ons, which let you place vanishing points and recover an approximate camera pose.

So: yes, tilt can sometimes be estimated from vanishing geometry, but not from the vanishing-point position versus image center alone unless you also know or assume more about the scene and projection. If you need the true angle with confidence, capture it at the time of shooting using equipment that records orientation/metadata.