Yes, repeated vibration and jolts can potentially loosen or damage camera or lens parts over time, but the risk depends a lot on how the gear is carried. A camera packed snugly with good padding in a backpack on your back is much safer than carrying it on the bike, where shocks are transmitted more directly. Your body and the pack help damp vibration.

Several riders report carrying cameras successfully on rough rides when the camera is well protected in foam or a snug padded case. On the other hand, vibration has been known to shake lens parts loose after long rides.

Practical advice: use a tight, padded insert or hard-ish protective case inside the backpack, keep the camera from moving around, and avoid mounting it to the bike or putting it in a rack/trunk bag for rough trails. Also, decide whether the outing is mainly a ride or mainly a photo trip—carrying delicate gear can change how aggressively you ride.

So: it’s generally reasonable to bring it if it’s well padded and carried on your back, but it is not completely risk-free.