Possibly, but only in a very limited way. A video conference camera like this might be adapted for planetary astrophotography if you pair it with a telescope and are willing to disassemble/modify the camera. That kind of setup has a steep learning curve, and even then it’s mainly useful for brighter targets like planets.

For other types of astrophotography—especially landscape night sky shots or deep-sky imaging—it’s generally not a practical choice and likely a waste of time.

If your goal is to seriously try astrophotography, a purpose-built astro camera is the better route. Specialized cameras are easier to use for this and are the more realistic option compared with repurposing a conferencing camera.