Yes—if the lens has 58mm front threads and Canon specifies 58mm filters for it, it is designed to accept a normal 58mm filter. Under normal circumstances, screwing on a standard filter should not damage the front element.

A slim/ultra-thin filter would not help here; if anything, its glass may sit slightly closer because the mount is thinner.

That said, tolerances can vary between lens and filter brands, so if you want to be extra cautious, check clearance carefully. One community suggestion was to test with the filter and lens perfectly clean, using a tiny drop of cleaning fluid on the filter glass to see whether the lens actually makes contact. If there is any sign of contact, stop using that particular filter.

In short: the lens should safely take standard 58mm filters, but if you’re worried, verify your specific Tiffen filter fit. A lens hood is also a common way to protect the front element without adding extra glass.