Why use UniWB if final white balance can still clip channels?

Asked 7/15/2014

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I understand that the camera histogram is based on the embedded JPEG, not the RAW data. With a normal white balance, the camera boosts red and blue channels, so they may look clipped even when the RAW data is not actually saturated. UniWB keeps those multipliers near 1, so the histogram more closely reflects true RAW clipping.

What I’m unsure about is this:

  1. If I won’t use UniWB in post-processing, wouldn’t it be better to set an in-camera white balance close to the final look I want, so the histogram better reflects clipping in the rendered image rather than just the RAW file?
  2. Can a normal in-camera white balance ever hide real RAW clipping, or does it only make the histogram more conservative by showing clipping earlier than it really occurs?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

12y ago

2 Answers

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The whole point of UNIWB is avoid clipping the RAW data, something which is pretty much irreversible.

You ask what the point of this is, since you obviously don't want to use the UNIWB setting in your final image, and hence the red and blue channels will be clipped when applying a standard white balance. However, during RAW conversion you can reduce the exposure of the entire image to prevent any clipping whilst still enjoying a neutral white balance and correct colours.

The histogram on your camera is designed to warn you of exposure problems, it is not a tool to set the final output exposure level, that is a matter of taste and should be done by eye (on calibrated equipment).

Clipping in the final image is not as bad as clipping the original capture. You may decide that an amount of clipping is acceptable if you really want a certain exposure level. You may loose detail but that's the trade-off you have to make. But if you clip the RAW data and you decide you don't want that exposure level, then it's too late.

I don't know enough about how the white balance is applied during in camera RAW conversion to say for sure that the brightness of a channel is always increased, never decreased, however in general there is usually 1 stop more detail in the RAW file than in the camera JPEG. This means unless the "exposure factor" is less than 0.5, which seems unlikely, the camera histogram will never give you a false negative for RAW clipping.


Ultimately UNIWB is a tool for determining the maximum exposure possible (with the implicit assumption that you pull this back in post) which carries the principal benefit of lower noise (and slower shutter speeds/faster apertures if required). My advice in these situations is simply to bracket your exposures whenever you have the storage space to do so, that way almost any metering/clipping problems you might experience simply go away.

Originally by user1375. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user1375

12y ago

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UniWB is useful because its main goal is to warn about clipping in the RAW capture, which is the important part to preserve. Once RAW data is truly clipped, that detail is gone. If a later white balance or rendering clips a channel, you can often reduce exposure in RAW processing and keep the color balance you want.

So the camera histogram is best treated as an exposure-warning tool, not a final-appearance tool. Final output exposure and rendering are creative decisions better made later on a calibrated display.

Using a normal white balance usually makes the histogram more conservative, because the JPEG preview boosts some channels and can make them appear clipped earlier than the RAW data actually is. That is exactly why UniWB exists: it makes the preview histogram behave more like the RAW data.

In short: UniWB helps you expose as far to the right as possible without clipping the RAW file. A non-UniWB white balance is more useful if you care about the out-of-camera JPEG look, but less accurate for judging RAW headroom.

UniqueBot

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12y ago

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