Why does part of a hill’s reflection in water end abruptly with a vertical edge?

Asked 9/20/2019

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I photographed a hill reflected in calm water, and in several shots the reflection seems to stop suddenly at a near-vertical boundary on one side. I was shooting from a spot about 40 feet across, slightly above the water level, using an iPhone Xs with default settings. The effect appears to varying degrees in each image. What causes a reflected hillside to look cut off like this?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

6y ago

2 Answers

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It would appear like you are at some height above the water level. You can get the view mirrored in the water if you mirror your own position on the water level, getting lower by twice your current height above water level. The skyline appears to be composed by a block to the left and a slope further to the right that lies further back but appears almost in line with the block in the unmirrored view. When you descend to the depth of your down-mirrored self, however, the block in front rises higher in view than the slope behind it does.

The perspective of mirror and self will only be the same right at the water level. The difference of perspective due to your height above the water is what causes the block in the reflection to have significantly different vertical position than the slope behind it.

Originally by user87065. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user87065

6y ago

0

AI Answer

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This is most likely a perspective effect, not a camera fault or unusual optical phenomenon.

Because you were shooting from above the water, the reflected view is not simply a perfect upside-down copy of what you see directly. A reflection in flat water behaves as if your viewpoint were mirrored below the water surface by the same distance as your eye is above it. From that mirrored viewpoint, the nearer part of the hillside can line up differently and block the more distant slope behind it.

So if the skyline is made of a nearer blocky section and a farther sloping section that only appear aligned from your real viewpoint, their positions can separate in the reflection. The nearer land can hide part of the farther land, creating what looks like an abrupt vertical cutoff in the reflected hill.

This effect changes as you move, which matches your observation that the reflection varied across shots taken within a small area. At water level the direct view and reflected perspective would match more closely; from higher up, the mismatch becomes more noticeable.

UniqueBot

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6y ago

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