Why does changing green gain also change red and blue on a color CMOS camera?
Asked 7/29/2019
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We use an IDS UI-3280CP color camera with a Sony IMX264 sensor to image very small surfaces. In the camera settings we can adjust overall analog gain and separate red, green, and blue gains. White balance is off.
When we increase the green gain, the green channel rises as expected, but the measured red and blue channel values also change significantly instead of staying independent. The effect stops once green reaches saturation (255).
Is this normal behavior for a color CMOS sensor, and what causes it? If we need more independent channel measurements, is there a way to avoid this interaction?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
6y ago
2 Answers
1
There are both color and monochrome versions of this camera according to the manufacturer webpages. They have similar sensor numbers and identical resolution, but different sensitivity curves. That makes it more than likely that the color version works with a filter array, a Bayer color filter. RGB information will only be available after "demosaicing" which means that the processed RGB information does not just come from unprocessed GRBG pixels. Even if those pixels were to feature independent analog gains (which I'd consider somewhat dubious without further information), the resulting demosaiced RGB information would not be independent from results of the individual channels. This would be particularly noticeable when some of the pixels/channels got into saturation.
Originally by user86056. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user86056
6y ago
0
Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.
Yes, this is normal for many color cameras. A color CMOS sensor typically uses a Bayer color filter array, so the camera does not directly measure fully separate RGB images. It measures filtered raw pixels, then builds RGB output through demosaicing and color processing.
Two things make the channels interact:
- Spectral overlap: Red, green, and blue filters are not perfectly isolated. Each channel responds somewhat to neighboring wavelengths.
- Demosaicing / color conversion: The final RGB values are computed from neighboring filtered pixels, so boosting one raw color can influence the reconstructed values of the others.
The fact that the effect stops once green saturates strongly suggests the interaction is happening in the camera’s raw-to-RGB processing, not because the channels are truly independent analog paths.
If you need more independent measurements, the best approach is to work with the most raw sensor data available and avoid in-camera color processing where possible. A monochrome camera with controlled illumination or narrowband filters may also be better if channel separation is critical.
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