The photo is best explained by a combination of ambiguous exposure/white balance and normal differences in human visual interpretation. Several viewers with photography experience still reported seeing white/gold, even on calibrated displays, so photography knowledge does not guarantee a blue/black reading.

From a photographic standpoint, the image appears consistent with poor or unusual white balance and/or strong overexposure. Those factors can shift colors dramatically: dark tones can be pushed toward pale values, and channel imbalance can make colors appear much warmer or cooler than the real subject. In that sense, a blue/black dress can photograph in a way that some people interpret as white/gold.

Monitor calibration may influence the exact appearance, but it is not the whole story, since people viewing the same image on the same screen can still disagree. The answers suggest that the main issue is that the photo provides conflicting cues about illumination, so different brains “correct” the scene differently.

So: yes, photographers can still see either version. Experience may help explain the image afterward in terms of exposure and white balance, but it does not seem to make perception uniform.