Why do my Nikon D90 photos look grainy at 100% zoom, and how can I reduce the noise?
Asked 1/20/2011
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When I view 12MP images from my Nikon D90 on a computer at 100% zoom, I often see noticeable grain/noise. My files are roughly 4200×2400, and I’m using the Nikon 18-105mm AF-S VR kit lens.
What specifically causes this image noise, and what can I do in-camera or while shooting to reduce it? I’d prefer to avoid software noise reduction if possible.
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
15y ago
2 Answers
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What you are seeing is an image noise -- random fluctuations that affect sensor pixels and cause them to measure value a bit above or bit below light that actually comes to the sensor.
The main factor that increases noise is how much is the signal from sensor aplified. There are two things that influence this:
Size of sensor pixel: if you have 12 megapixels on 24×16 mm APS-C sensor, each photosite is smaller that it would be on say 2 megapixel APS-C sensor. Therefore is catches less light and needs more amplification. Similarly, 12 Mpix D90 sensor has significantly larger photosites than 12 Mpix compact camera sensor, and thus has less noise. This is one reason people buy DSLRs instead of compact cameras.
ISO setting on camera. Basically, ISO says how sensitive you want the sensor be, so higher ISO means more amplification. You'll find that lower ISO settings produce less noise in images, and on D90 noise probably won't be noticable at ISO 200 or so.
Obviously, avoiding noise has it's drawbacks, because larger-sensor camera are bigger and more expensive, and using lower ISO might means either opening up aperture and losing depth of field -- provided that you have fast enough lens (fast lenses can also be expensive). The other option is longer exposure time that means risk of blur from camera shake or moving subjects.
Sometimes, as rfcusa notes, in 12 Mpix images certain amount of noise only matters when you're examining it in 100% magnification on a computer. Unless you intend to produce huge prints, these viewing conditions happen very rarely.
Originally by user112. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user112
15y ago
0
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What you’re seeing is normal image noise: random variation in the sensor signal, especially visible when viewing at 100% pixel-for-pixel.
The main causes are:
- higher ISO, which amplifies the sensor signal and also amplifies noise
- lower light, which forces higher ISO or weaker signal
- smaller amounts of light reaching the sensor, especially with slower lenses indoors
For your D90, the most effective fixes are:
- keep ISO as low as practical; ISO 200 will usually be cleanest, and the D90 is often still acceptable up to about ISO 1600
- shoot in better light
- use flash when appropriate
- use a faster lens if you often shoot indoors without flash
- expose properly so the sensor gets enough light
Also, don’t judge images only at 100% on screen. At that magnification, most DSLR images show some noise, even good ones. If the image looks fine at normal viewing size or in print, it may not be a real problem.
If you’re cropping heavily to get closer, that can also make noise more obvious; in that case, a longer lens may help more than pixel-level inspection.
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