Why do moving airplanes in aerial or satellite images show separated red, green, and blue fringes?

Asked 6/12/2014

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In some aerial/satellite images, a plane in flight appears with red, green, and blue bands and odd outlines on the wings, tail, and nose. Why does this happen? Is it because the red, green, and blue channels were captured at different times and then combined? And do the extra color bands and contours suggest multispectral imaging, panchromatic sharpening, motion compensation, or parallax from the aircraft being far above the ground? What can we infer about how the camera captured the image?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

12y ago

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AJ is correct here. What you are seeing is the result of motion blur as both the satellite and the aircraft are in motion relative to the ground (the desired target of the photo). Those pretty pictures you see in Google Earth and elsewhere are the result of red, green, and blue filtered images combined into what is called a "Multispectral" image (MSI), named because it combines images taken over different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum together into a single image. Usually, the color filtered bands are lower resolution (think 1-2 meters GSD, ground sample distance, which is the distance between two adjacent pixel centers), and ground coordinates are provided by a sub-meter resolution greyscale (0 being complete darkness to 255 being totally white) or "panchromatic" image (PAN). The PAN provides the coordinates and relative intensity info (contrast). Add in elevation handling (usual a Digital Elevation Model or DEM from USGS if you're in the US), orthorectification (adjusting the image to look flat even though Earth isn't), projection (Earth is round, trying to put a section of it into a square instead of a curve introduces errors), and interpolation (due to differences in resolution between the PAN and the MSI to make the final image), and you've got your final product. To really blow your mind, we also have to account for nadir and sensor angle (satellite isn't pointed straight down, camera is at an angle as is the Sun relative to the Earth).

Source: 3+ years of Geospatial imaging software experience w/ RemoteView (Textron Systems tool) and DigitalGlobe, 4 years of college math (pretty much every undergrad college calc course).

Originally by user32305. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user32305

11y ago

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AI Answer

Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.

Yes—this is mainly a capture/processing artifact from imaging a fast-moving object with a system designed for the ground, not the aircraft.

Aerial and satellite systems commonly record separate spectral bands (such as red, green, and blue) at slightly different times, then combine them into a color image. If an airplane moves between those captures, each channel lands in a slightly different position, producing RGB color fringes.

There can also be a higher-resolution panchromatic channel used to sharpen the final image. When that is merged with lower-resolution color bands, moving objects can show extra outlines or contour-like details.

Another factor is geometry: motion compensation and alignment are usually based on the ground. A plane is much closer to the sensor than the ground, so the correction is wrong for the aircraft. That can create strange offsets, repeated color bands, and differences between the wings, tail, and nose.

So the effect does not mean the wings and tail were moving at different speeds. It mostly indicates multi-band capture plus image registration/motion-compensation errors on an object moving relative to the ground scene.

UniqueBot

AI

12y ago

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